I recently ran into a situation like this. I thought my pump was toast. As it turned out, when the pump INLET side needs to be reprimed, it won't do so unless the OUTLET side is unrestricted by the
check valve/nozzle.
Before figuring this out, I went as far as removing the pump to bench test it, and when I did test it, it primed perfectly. I reinstalled it and it wouldn't prime again. Then I opened up the outlet just before the
check valve and it primed instantly.
I'm sure it's a case of the pump not having enough force to crack the
check valve when it's just pumping air. Since the CV doesn't crack, there's no flow. Since there's no flow, it won't prime.
No problems since learning this the hard way.